The Arte della Lana was one of the Arti Maggiori and the primary source of wealth for Florence. It was the largest employer in the city.
Organization and Labor Force
Although the guild was responsible for producing and dyeing wool, there was a sharp distinction between its members and its workers:
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The Members: Only wealthy merchants and entrepreneurs could belong to the guild.
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The Workers: The laborers (weavers, spinners, and wool carders) were not allowed to join the guild, yet they provided the essential workforce.
The Development of the Sector
Initially, Florence produced simple, low-quality fabrics (known as “villaneschi“). In the 13th century, the industry grew thanks to two factors:
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New Techniques: Benedictine Monks introduced improved methods for processing and dyeing wool.
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Imports: Despite local sheep farming, most of the raw wool was purchased abroad (from Spain, Portugal, France, and England).
Thanks to the success of this trade, many of Florence’s most prominent families became extraordinarily wealthy.
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Coat of Arms: A lamb with a banner and a halo on a blue field.
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Patron Saint: Saint Stephen (Santo Stefano).
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Guild Residence: Palazzo dell’Arte della Lana, located in Via dell’Arte della Lana.
